NAD+ is an essential cellular coenzyme involved in redox chemistry and energy metabolism. As a substrate for sirtuins, PARPs and CD38, it is researched in mitochondrial regulation, DNA-damage signalling, stress responses and metabolic communication.
Current work examines NAD+ availability and NAD-dependent pathways as mechanistic and translational research questions, not established clinical benefits.
Explore NAD+ researchResearch context only; not a therapeutic claim.GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide studied in gene-expression, extracellular-matrix, collagen- and elastin-related pathways, cellular migration, copper homeostasis and oxidative-stress responses.
Research also examines skin and tissue-repair mechanisms. Evidence remains primarily laboratory, preclinical or cosmetic and does not establish a therapeutic benefit.
Explore GHK-Cu researchResearch context only; not a therapeutic claim.
Five key research areas Nerve-growth signals — investigated for BDNF, NGF and other neurotrophic pathways. Memory and attention — studied for learning, focus and memory-related signalling. Brain-cell protection — examined i...
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Five key research areas Collagen — studied for signalling that may increase collagen production and support skin structure. Elastin and firmness — investigated for extracellular-matrix activity associated with elasticity and...
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Five key research areas Skin structure — combines research pathways involving collagen, elastin and extracellular-matrix organisation. Tissue response — studied as a multi-pathway model of how cells respond after physical ti...
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Five key research areas Growth-hormone release — activates GHRH receptors and increases growth-hormone/IGF-1 signalling. Visceral fat — regulated trials examined abdominal fat surrounding internal organs in specific populati...
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Five key research areas Anxiety pathways — studied for behavioural and nervous-system responses associated with anxiety. Stress response — investigated for how the brain reacts to chronic or unpredictable stress. GABA signa...
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Five key research areas Cellular energy — essential for transferring electrons during the conversion of nutrients into ATP. Mitochondria — required for oxidative phosphorylation and normal mitochondrial energy production. D...
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